Hardway

ABSTRACT

Hardway is an invention which deals with a new way of dealing with games which involve throwing a pair of dice and moving game pieces. It is unique, because the corresponding pieces are moved based on the sum of 2 dice on a unique layout with unique rules, and also because this same layout incorporates most aspects of the game of craps.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This non-provisional application is a Continuation-in-part of the previous non-provisional application No. 10/051,947 which had a filing date of Jan. 22, 2002. This new application is related to the previous application in that it contains one new drawing which had only been described in the previous application, and also contains further related explanation of my invention.

[0002] This non-provisional application is a Continuation-in-part of the previous non-provisional application No. 10/051,947 which had a filing date of Jan. 22, 2002.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Most games involving the throwing of dice and the movement of pieces have one of the following 2 characteristics:

[0004] 1. One die is thrown and the corresponding piece (#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6) is moved one square.

[0005] 2. 2 dice are thrown and the person whose turn it is moves their piece a number of squares corresponding to the total of the numbers on the 2 dice.

[0006] But what about throwing 2 dice and having the piece move that corresponds to the total of the numbers on the 2 dice?—This would not be fair, because for example: the #7 piece would get to move much more often that the #10 piece.—My invention solves this problem in a unique manner.—This is done by having a game playing surface where the ratio of the number of squares, for each of the different numbered pieces, corresponds to its mathematical probability. Additionally, certain aspects of the game of craps are added and combined with the playing surface mentioned in the previous sentence, to create a new and unique game. Combining the horserace and craps game into one playing surface where both games are played simultaneously, solves the problem for a casino of not having enough decisions per hour from the horserace alone.—More detailed explanation is given in the ‘Detailed Description of the Invention’ and ‘Background’ SECTIONS.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

[0007] Not Applicable.

REFERENCE TO A MICROFICHE APPENDIX779

[0008] Not Applicable.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

[0009] This invention pertains to the general field of endeavor relating to games which are played by throwing a pair of dice and moving pieces, and betting on the outcome of the dice.

[0010] I am also the inventor of a board game named Hardway which makes use of the horserace aspect of this idea. Although my board game has been in the public domain for more than one year, its use of this invention is not specifically explained, and additionally, my board game does not include the certain aspects of craps previously mentioned.—Also, in the board game you can bet on all the horses except the 7-horse, and you only lose when the 7-horse wins, and you only win when the horse you bet on wins—else your bet(s) are returned. In this application that I am submitting for a patent, you can bet on all the horses, including the 7-horse, and you win when the horse you bet on wins and you lose when the horse you bet on loses. (This method of allowing betting on the 7-horse is better because it is easier to understand for the player, and there are more decisions per hour for the casino.) Also, in the board game the players are issued different color chips from the other players to distinguish their bets which are made in a common betting area for each horse.—In this application that I am submitting for a patent, the lanes of the races track have been widened (in comparison to the board game) so that they can accommodate normal casino-sized chips.—The players can then use the casino's regular chips for betting right on the racetrack in areas that are directly in front of each player, and there is no need for colored or special chips (as in the board game) to distinguish player bets from one another. Also, this application that I am submitting for a patent has the basic shape of the playing surface from the board game altered so that it will fit onto a “blackjack” type table that is commonly used in a casino. Additionally, several features of a normal craps game have cleverly been added so that the horserace and craps game are played simultaneously on the same playing surface. Hopefully the combination of the idea not being obvious in the board game, the alteration to the original board game playing shape—betting areas and rules, the addition of the aspects of craps, and the fact that everything here were my original ideas (the unique layout and rules); will make this invention eligible for a patent.

[0011] In my previous non-provisional application (No. 10/051,947—filing date Jan. 22, 2002), I was unaware of the USPTO website containing search capabilities on previous patents.—Having now searched this website, I have found some existing or expired patents that have some similar features to my game, which I previously knew nothing about. The following is discussion of these patents, how they are different from my application, and what features of my game are improved differences.

[0012] U.S. Pat. No. 4,986,546 (Cerulla—Jan. 22, 1991)—This patent involves a horse racing game where 3 dice are used: 2 dice are the same color, and the 3rd die is a different color from the other two that are the same. The 2 dice that are the same determine which 2 horses to move, and the 3rd die indicates how many squares.—This game is quite different from mine, because of the 3 dice and how they are used to determine which horse(s) move and how many squares. Also, the horse numbers used are 1,2,3,4,5,6, as opposed to my game which uses horse numbers 4,5,6,7,8,9,10. In my game, a horse moves 1 or 2 squares based on the total of 2 dice, the board layout is very different with its built in 3:2 ratio, and of course, my game includes the craps aspects, which this game does not.

[0013] U.S. Pat. No. 5,839,726 (Luise—Nov. 24, 1998)—This patent involves a horse racing game where 3 dice are used. If 2 sixes and 1 three were thrown for example, then the 6-horse would move 2 squares, and the 3-horse would move 1 square. This game is quite different from mine, because of the 3 dice and how they are used to determine which horse(s) move and how many squares. Also, the horse numbers used are 1,2,3,4,5,6, as opposed to my game which uses horse numbers 4,5,6,7,8,9,10. In my game, a horse moves 1 or 2 squares based on the total of 2 dice, the board layout is very different with its built in 3:2 ratio, and of course, my game includes the craps aspects, which this game does not.

[0014] U.S. Pat. No. 4,060,246 (Ward—Nov. 29, 1977 (expired, I believe))—This patent involves a horse racing game where 2 dice are used, and is the most similar patent to my game that I could find, but still has many differences. The horses move based on the total of the two dice, and horses move a certain number of squares (length of gallops) based on a chart in the patent. This chart is based on the expected proportion between the horses. For example: the 4-horse's ‘gallop’ is twice as long as the 7-horse's gallop because the outcome of a 4 is one half as likely as the outcome of a 7. Another example of the setup for L. Ward's game would be that the 2-horse's gallop is six times as long as the 7-horse's gallop because the outcome of a 2 is one sixth as likely as the outcome of a 7. This is supposed to provide for an exactly even race, but in fact it does not as the expected winning probability for the 7-horse in this game would be approximately 0.02, and the expected winning probability for 2-horse would be approximately 0.24.—This is for the “1 1 gallop(s) to finish” for the 2-horse vs. “6 gallops to finish” for the 7-horse (or 1-furlong race) version of L. Ward's game.—These expected winning probabilities are not very close.—I will explain in the next paragraph why even though the theory behind L. Ward's patent seems correct, in reality it is not.—My game is again different from this game because the layout for the horse race incorporates the expected probabilities basically into the game board, instead of incorporating the probabilities into the length of the moves.—i.e. My game has less squares proportionally for the 4-horse vs. the 7-horse, instead of having the 4-horse covering more squares (as opposed to the 7-horse) when it moves in L. Ward's game. Also, U.S. Pat. No. 4,060,246 (Ward—Nov. 29, 1977), does not have double moves for the doubles (22, 33, 44, 55) and the proportional squares to handle this or the special moves for the 7-horse on a total of 2, 3, 11, or 12. Also, L. Ward's game has horses numbered 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12, as opposed to my game which uses horse numbers 4,5,6,7,8,9,10. And finally, of course, my game includes the craps aspects and U.S. Pat. No. 4,060,246 (Ward—Nov. 29, 1977) does not.

[0015] Here is an explanation of why the horses in U.S. Pat. No. 4,060,246 (Ward—Nov. 29, 1977) do not have a very even chance of winning. Let's just take the 2-horse vs. the 7-horse and a 1 furlong race for simplicity. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,060,246 (Ward—Nov. 29, 1977) the 2-horse would have 1 gallop to win (length of gallop is 60) and 7-horse would have 6 gallops to win (length of gallop is 10). This is basically based on the fact that if you threw 2 dice 36 times, you would expect six-7s (total of dice is 7) and one-2 (total of dice is 2) to be in your outcome.—Here's the problem: if you threw the dice 19 times, then the probability of one 2 (total of dice) being thrown is greater than 0.5, whereas the probability of six-7s (total of dice is 7) being thrown is far less than 0.5. As a matter of fact, the probability of six-7s (total of 7) being thrown does not exceed 0.5 until the 34th throw.—Therefore we can see that in this example basically, the 2-horse has a much better chance of winning (approximately 0.24) than the 7-horse (0.02). Remember that once the 2-horse moves one square, he wins and the race is over. In the discussion of my game farther down in this section, I will explain where these probabilities came from.

[0016] In general, none of these patents (No. 4,986,546—Cerulla—Jan. 22, 1991, 5,839,726—Luise—Nov. 24, 1998, No. 4,060,246—Ward—Nov. 29, 1977) involve the craps aspects in addition to the horse race. This is a very important difference and improvement with my game. My horse race flows as a natural offshoot of a craps game which is being played on the same playing surface simultaneously. This is a very important aspect to the casino that will be running my game. The casino will not only generate the revenue that they would normally get from the craps aspect of my game, but they will also be generating revenue from the horse race, simultaneously.—This is a very important advantage of my game because a horserace by itself will not generate as many decisions (bets paid or collected) per hour as a casino would normally like to have.

[0017] The following is a discussion of the expected probabilities of winning for the horses in my game: In the 4-furlong race, the 6, 7, & 8 horses have 6-squares to cover and the 4, 5, 9, & 10 horses have 4 squares to cover. This ratio of squares (3:2) between the 6, 7, or 8 horses and the 4, 5, 9, or 10 horses, combined with the rule that even numbered horses (4,6,8,10) move 2 squares when a corresponding hardway (doubles) is thrown, plus the rule for the 7-horse that it (the 7-horse) on a come out roll only (come out is a term/rule that pertains to the game of craps), moves 2 squares forward when an 11 thrown, and one 1 square backwards when craps (a total of 2, 3, or 12) is thrown; results in a very even race for the horses. At first glance, one might think that the probability of winning would be exactly even for each horse, but even though it is very close, it is not exactly even but within a few hundredths—which produces a very ‘even’ horse race. With 36 rolls of the dice, you would expect on average six-7s, five-8s, five-6s, four-5s, four-9s, three-4s, and three-10s; and in fact this is what you would get. (The 4,6,8,10 horses have an extra square to cover because they move 2 squares forward on doubles.) Additionally, you would expect four-craps (2-3-3-12) and two-11s. In order to compute the theoretical probability for my game you would have to write down all the possible states that the seven horses could be in (55,296), and then figure out the probability for each of these states. Then put these probabilities along with their associated probabilities of moving from one state to the next in a 55,303×55,303 matrix.—This is of course an unreasonable and almost impossible task, so a simulation program was written to generate the expected probabilities of winning for the seven horses. (Simulation is an accepted method for predicting expected probabilities, particularly when a theoretical proof is impossible or impracticable.) Using a random number generator (and verifying that the numbers that were generated followed the expected probabilities for two, fair, 6-sided dice—numbered 1,2,3,4,5,6 on each die) and simulating 660,000,000 rolls of the dice for my 4-furlong race, I obtained the following results:

[0018] The 4 or 10 horse's expected probability of winning would be 0.174285905

[0019] The 5 or 9 horse's expected probability of winning would be 0.141276290

[0020] The 6 or 8 horse's expected probability of winning would be 0.114579681

[0021] The 7 horse's expected probability of winning would be 0.139716249

[0022] These numbers for my 4-furlong race are close enough to produce very even racing, which is what you want. The odds paid by the casino can be adjusted according to a particular horse's probability to gain the expected house advantage that the casino desires. For example, if the 4-horse was given pay-out odds of 4-1, and the 5-horse was given pay-out odds of 5-1, then the expected house advantage for the 4-horse would be 12.85% and the expected house advantage for the 5-horse would be 15.22%. These advantages are in line with the number of rolls to finish an average race of this length (18.1 rolls).

[0023] I altered my program to rim simulations for U.S. Pat. No. 4,060,246 (Ward—Nov. 29, 1977) for expected outcomes for 200,000,000 random rolls of the dice (3 furlong race), and obtained the following results:

[0024] The 2 or 12 horse's expected probability of winning would be 0.219416205

[0025] The 3 or 11 horse's expected probability of winning would be 0.112687414

[0026] The 4 or 10 horse's expected probability of winning would be 0.070255134

[0027] The 5 or 9 horse's expected probability of winning would be 0.048487350

[0028] The 6 or 8 horse's expected probability of winning would be 0.035565865

[0029] The 7 horse's expected probability of winning would be 0.027176063

[0030] It is evident that U.S. Pat. No. 4,060,246 (Ward—Nov. 29, 1977) does not produce even racing.

[0031] Simulating 200,000,000 random rolls of the dice for my 1 mile race, I obtained the following results:

[0032] The 4 or 10 horse's expected probability of winning would be 0.174399455

[0033] The 5 or 9 horse's expected probability of winning would be 0.138760759

[0034] The 6 or 8 horse's expected probability of winning would be 0.116706445

[0035] The 7 horse's expected probability of winning would be 0.140266683

[0036] Simulating 200,000,000 random rolls of the dice for my 1½ mile race, I obtained the following results:

[0037] The 4 or 10 horse's expected probability of winning would be 0.174808034

[0038] The 5 or 9 horse's expected probability of winning would be 0.137566845

[0039] The 6 or 8 horse's expected probability of winning would be 0.117543818

[0040] The 7 horse's expected probability of winning would be 0.140162606

[0041] The results for the 1 mile and 1½ mile races for my game continue to produce very even racing which is very similar to my 4-furlong race.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING

[0042]FIG. 1 illustrates a game layout where the ratio of the number of squares for the 6, 7, or 8 horses as compared to 4, 5, 9, or 10 horses is 3:2.

[0043] There are 3 different starting points in the enclosed diagram which all incorporate this 3:2 ratio: 1½ miles (18:12), 1 mile (12:8), 4F or 4 furlongs (6:4).

[0044]FIG. 2 illustrates the horserace track combined with certain aspects of the game of craps. In addition to being able to bet on the horses, players can bet on the Pass-Line, Don't-Pass-Line, Place bets, Hardways, C-E-7 bets (any-Craps, Eleven, 7 bets), Take odds, or Lay odds. (The terms in the previous sentence are all known terms to the game of craps).

[0045] People would bet on any or all of the horses (4,5,6,7,8,9,10). These bets are ‘capped’ with special chips that say “Race Closed” that are placed on top of the betting chips. This means that once a race starts, there is no more horse-betting until the next race. The horse pieces used in my game are chess knights. When one of these horses wins (crosses the finish line first), money is paid at pre-determined house odds to the players with bets on the winning horse—bets on the other horses lose. All races start on a come out roll. When a race ends, the next race does not start until the next come out roll. Basically what happens is that the players make their horse bets, the bets are capped by the dealer, then the players make their craps bets. The dice are thrown by whomever happens to be the shooter for the craps game, and the craps game available bets are made and paid as they normally would be paid. While the players are throwing the dice and playing the craps part of the game, the dealer moves the horses on the racetrack part of the game, based on the same total of the same dice.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0046] My invention takes into account the following:

[0047] 1. The piece numbers that are used are the numbers 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.

[0048] 2. From this point on, the piece numbers in the previous sentence (#1.), will be referred to as the 4-horse, 5-horse, 6-horse, 7-horse, 8-horse, 9-horse, and 10-horse, respectively.

[0049] 3. A pair of ‘normal’ dice is used (i.e. each die is a 6-sided cube and has a number of dots on each side (surface) corresponding to the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6). Dice that are used at a casino craps table should be used to make sure that they are perfectly balanced.

[0050] 4. The ratio of the number of squares for the 6, 7, or 8 horses as compared to the 4, 5, 9, or 10 horses would be 3 to 2. For example: the 7-horse could have 18 squares to move to win, and the 9-horse could have 12 squares to move to win.

[0051] 5. This ratio is completed by having the 4, 6, 8, and 10 horses move 2 squares on a double (or Hardway), whose sum corresponds to the particular horse. (e.g. the 8-horse would move 2 squares forward on a double 4).

[0052] 6. Additionally, whenever it is a come out during the craps game, which is incorporated into the same playing surface as the horse race, and is being played simultaneously; the 7-horse moves 2 squares forward when a sum of 11 is thrown, and 1 square backwards when a sum of (2, 3, or 12) (craps) is thrown.

[0053] 7. FIG. 1 shows the layout of the racetrack only, which takes into account this ratio.

[0054] 8. FIG. 2 shows the layout of the racetrack incorporated with certain aspects of a craps game. 

What I claim as my invention is the following:
 1. A game playing surface where the ratio of the number of squares to cover to win for the 6, 7, or 8 horses as compared to the 4, 5, 9, or 10 horses is 3:2.
 2. This ratio of squares on the playing surface referred to in claim 1 is incorporated with the laws of mathematical probability for the outcome of throwing 2 dice, along with a double move when doubles (Hardway) are thrown for the 4, 6, 8, or 10 horses, and the additional special moves (double move forward when a total of 11 is thrown and 1 move backwards when craps (a total of 2, 3 or 12) is thrown) for the 7-horse during come out rolls of the craps game which is being played simultaneously on the same playing surface; results in a very even horse race.
 3. The game playing surface referred to in claim 1 has a craps game layout incorporated with it on the same layout so that the horse race and the craps game are happening simultaneously with both being controlled by the outcome of the same roll(s) of the same 2 dice. 